This is an English style shoe that is hand made in Italy. The upper is made of a vegetable tanned drummed leather with a waxed canvas. The sole is a Vibram Gumlite sole which is 30% lighter and has a leather toe.No chemicals have been used in all leather soles, they are 92% biodegradable. They don't use any slaughtered animals have been used and only the skins from fallen animals are processed for the lining.All shoes have been double stitched and can easily be resoled.